- In Spanish all verbs have specific endings that agree with the subject. In this lesson you will learn verbs that belong to the second conjugation -er and third conjugation -ir. (Please visit lesson 17 to review verbs in the first conjugation: -ar )
Those verbs are in the infinitive form ( beber, vivir, sentir, aprender, etc.). In English a verb in the infinitive is composed of to + verb ( to sing, to speak, etc.). The chart below shows how the -ar verbs are conjugated in the present tense. You can apply this same pattern to all regular -er / -ir verbs in Spanish.
- To conjugate regular -er verbs you must drop the -er and add the ending (-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en) to the stem of the verb.
The stem of the verb hablar is beb- ; the ending is -er:
- beber > bebo ( for the first person singular "yo"), bebes (for the second person sing/informal "tú"), and so on.
- To conjugate regular -ir verbs you must drop the -ir and add the ending (-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en) to the stem of the verb.
The stem of the verb hablar i viv - ; the ending is -ir:
- vivir > viv o ( for the first person singular "yo"), vives (for the second person sing/informal "tú"), and so on.
- The subject pronoun is usually omitted when there is only one pronoun in the sentence:
Aprendo español. ( the "yo" is omitted because the ending of the verb "-o" obviously indicates the subject).
Aprendemos francés. (again, the subject pronoun "nosotros" is not necessary in the sentence)
- When the sentence doesn't clarify well who is talking, it's necessary to include the personal pronoun:
Escribo una carta. ( who writes a letter?) - Pilar escribe una
- Verbs in the present tense in Spanish may be translated three ways:
|
|
I learn |
|
Aprendo |
I do learn |
|
|
I am learning |
- The negative form of verbs in Spanish are formed by placing the word no directly before the verb:
|
Affirmative |
Negative |
|
Paco come tortillas. |
Pablo no come tortillas. |
|
Carla recibe un regalo. |
Carla no recibe un regalo. |
- Here are a some common -er and -ir verbs in Spanish:
|
aprender |
to learn |
abrir |
to open |
|
beber |
to drink |
vivir |
to live |
|
comer |
to eat |
recibir |
to receive |
|
comprender |
to understand |
asistir |
to watch |
|
correr |
to run |
subir |
to go up |
|
leer |
to read |
sufrir |
to suffer |
|
prender |
to turn on |
ocurrir |
to happen |
|
vender |
to sell |
añadir |
to add |
|
romper |
to break |
discutir |
to discuss, argue |
¡VAMOS A PRACTICAR !
Complete each sentence with the appropriate form of the -ar verb .
1.Javier y Carlos ___________ todos los días. (correr) .
2. Marta no ________ mucho. (comer)
3. Vosotros no _____________ nada.(comprender) .
4. Ustedes ________ la película a los niños(describir )
5. Mi prima __________ en Alicante. (vivir)
6. Mis abuelos ___________(leer) el periódico todos los días.
7. Juan Carlos ______________ mucho con su esposa.l (discutir)
8. Pablo y Andrés ____________ toda la lección de gramática. (comprender)
9.Leonardo __________ un vaso de leche por día.. (beber)
10.Nosotros no le _______________la carta a tía Pepita.. (escribir)
Check your answers below:
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Answers:
1 .corren
2. come
3.comprendéis
4.describen
5.vive
6.leen
7. discute
8.comprenden
9.bebe
10 escribimos
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